step 1, 2 and 3 of the implementation plan

app/Models/Question.php

@@ -0,0 +1,48 @@
+<?php
+
+declare(strict_types=1);
+
+namespace App\Models;
+
+use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Model;
+use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Relations\BelongsTo;
+
+final class Question extends Model
+{
+    /**
+     * Fillable attributes for mass assignment.
+     */
+    protected $fillable = [
+        'question_group_id',
+        'text',
+        'has_yes',
+        'has_no',
+        'has_na',
+        'details',
+        'sort_order',
+        'is_scored',
+    ];
+
+    /**
+     * Cast attributes to specific types.
+     */
+    protected function casts(): array
+    {
+        return [
+            'question_group_id' => 'integer',
+            'has_yes' => 'boolean',
+            'has_no' => 'boolean',
+            'has_na' => 'boolean',
+            'sort_order' => 'integer',
+            'is_scored' => 'boolean',
+        ];
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get the question group that owns this question.
+     */
+    public function questionGroup(): BelongsTo
+    {
+        return $this->belongsTo(QuestionGroup::class);
+    }
+}